http://www.ijpsonline.com/currentissue.asp Table of Contents:Indian J Pharm Sci 2009 - 71(6) Ahuja G, Pathak K Review Article Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):599-6070250-474X Ahuja G, Pathak K

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):599-607

Considerable research efforts have been directed in recent years towards the development of porous carriers as controlled drug delivery matrices because of possessing several features such as stable uniform porous structure, high surface area, tunable pore size and well-defined surface properties. Owing to wide range of useful properties porous carriers have been used in pharmaceuticals for many purposes including development of floating drug delivery systems, sustained drug delivery systems. Various types of pores like open, closed, transport and blind pores in the porous solid allow them to adsorb drugs and release them in a more reproducible and predictable manner. Pharmaceutically exploited porous adsorbents includes, silica (mesoporous), ethylene vinyl acetate (macroporous), polypropylene foam powder (microporous), titanium dioxide (nanoporous). When porous polymeric drug delivery system is placed in contact with appropriate dissolution medium, release of drug to medium must be preceded by the drug dissolution in the water filled pores or from surface and by diffusion through the water filled channels. The porous carriers are used to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs, to increase the dissolution of relatively insoluble powders and conversion of crystalline state to amorphous state.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=599;epage=607;aulast=Ahuja Seshadri K G, Kirubha MHB Review Article Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):608-6140250-474X Seshadri K G, Kirubha MHB

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):608-614

India has the largest population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The conventional agents used to treat type 2 diabetes frequently exhibit reduced efficacy over time leading to inadequate glycaemic control and are also associated with adverse effects. Hence, there is a need for alternative therapies that can overcome the limitations associated with conventional antidiabetic agents. This review focuses on Gliptins, which have become a research area of intense focus and present an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes. Gliptins show significant improvements in glycaemic control and are well tolerated, particularly with regard to weight change and hypoglycemia. Hence, gliptins are considered as useful agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=608;epage=614;aulast=Seshadri Rathod N R, Raghuveer I, Chitme H R, Chandra R Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):615-6210250-474X Rathod N R, Raghuveer I, Chitme H R, Chandra R

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):615-621

Swarnabhasma , an Ayurvedic preparation containing Calotropis gigantea R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is extensively used by Ayurvedic physicians for treatment of diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and nervous disorders. In the present study, we report the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower on free radical scavenging activity, and lipid profile in streptozotozin-induced diabetic rats. The lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in liver homogenate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile were measured in blood serum. Administration of single dose of streptozotozin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly decreased. Further, administration of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower to streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats at a dose of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg orally for 27 d lead to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Consequently, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control (10 mg/kg). It was observed that the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea on alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, levels are comparable to that of those produced by the positive control.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=615;epage=621;aulast=Rathod Gohel M C, Nagori S A Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):622-6290250-474X Gohel M C, Nagori S A

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):622-629

The aim of present study were to arrest the problem of content uniformity without the use of harmful organic solvent and to improve ex vivo permeability of captopril, a low dose class III drug as per biological classification system. Eutectic mixture of camphor and menthol was innovatively used in the work. Captopril solution in eutectic mixture was blended with Avicel PH 102 and then the mixture was blended with mannitol in different ratios. Formulated batches were characterized for angle of repose and Carr's index. A selected batch was filled in hard gelatin capsule. Tablet dosage form was also developed. Capsules and tablets were characterized for in vitro drug release in 0.1N HCl. Additionally, the captopril tablets were analyzed for content uniformity and ex vivo drug permeation study using rat ileum in modified apparatus. The measurement of angle of repose and Carr's index revealed that the powder blend exhibited good flow property and compressibility. The captopril capsules and tablets exhibited immediate drug release in 0.1 N HCl. The captopril tablets passed content uniformity test as per IP 1996. Ex vivo permeation of captopril, formulated with eutectic mixture, was faster than control. The permeation was increased by 15% at the end of 3 h. Tablets and capsule exhibited reasonable short term stability with no considerable change in performance characteristics.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=622;epage=629;aulast=Gohel Sinha V R, Kumar R V, Bhinge J R Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):630-6370250-474X Sinha V R, Kumar R V, Bhinge J R

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):630-637

The present study describes the development of a validated RP-HPLC method for the determination of 5-fluorouracil in presence of its degradation products or other pharmaceutical excipients. Stress studies were performed on 5-fluorouracil and it was found that it degrades sufficiently in alkaline conditions, while negligible degradation was observed in acidic, neutral, oxidative and photolytic conditions. The peaks of the degradation products were not observed in the chromatogram due to the nonchromophoric nature of the degradation moiety formed. The separations were carried out on a C-18 reversed phase column (Phenomenex; Prodigy ODS3V, 250×4.6 mm, 5 µ) using 50mM KH ₂ PO ₄ (pH, 5.0) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and temperature of 30°. The wavelength of detection was 254 nm. A retention time of nearly 6 minutes was obtained. Analytical validation parameters such as specificity and selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision were evaluated. The calibration curve for 5-fluorouracil was linear (r ² =0.999±0.0005) from range of 10 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml. Relative standard deviation values for all the key parameters, was less than 2.0 %. The recovery of the drug after standard addition to the degraded sample was found to be 104.69%. Thus, the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be suitable for the determination of 5-fluorouracil in bulk as well as stability samples of the pharmaceutical dosage forms containing various excipients.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=630;epage=637;aulast=Sinha Patil J S, Suresh Sarasija Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):638-6430250-474X Patil J S, Suresh Sarasija

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):638-643

The inclusion complexes of rifampicin with sucralose and β-cyclodextrins were prepared by spray drying method. The complexes were characterized by size analyses, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction methods. The results indicated the amorphous nature of resultant products. The solubility, in vitro release and skin permeation of the drug were enhanced after formation of inclusion complexes. The in vitro release and permeation of the inclusion complexes were greater in simulated lung fluid as compared to pure drug.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=638;epage=643;aulast=Patil Shah T M, Savle S S, Chhabria M T, Rathod I S, Shishoo C J, Brahmkshatriya P S Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):644-6500250-474X Shah T M, Savle S S, Chhabria M T, Rathod I S, Shishoo C J, Brahmkshatriya P S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):644-650

A sensitive and specific high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for estimation of a novel antihyperlipidemic agent LM 13765 in rabbit plasma and its use for pharmacokinetic study has been evaluated. The proposed method was employed to study pharmacokinetics of LM 13765 in rabbits. It was observed that LM 13765 metabolized immediately after oral administration. The metabolite of LM 13765 was identified and characterized as LM 13765-C. A sensitive and specific HPTLC method was developed for estimation of LM 13765-C in plasma after oral administration of LM 13765 and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Biological screening of LM 13765-C on hyperlipidemic rats indicated that it is less potent than the parent compound which is indicative of biotransformation of LM 13765 to active form LM 13765-C.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=644;epage=650;aulast=Shah Das S S, Sen Malini, Dey Y N, De S, Ghosh A K Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):651-6550250-474X Das S S, Sen Malini, Dey Y N, De S, Ghosh A K

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):651-655

The central nervous system activity of the petroleum ether extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber was examined in mice, fed normal as well as healthy conditions. The petroleum ether extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber at the doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg showed significant central nervous system activity in mice.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=651;epage=655;aulast=Das Lahorkar P, Ramitha K, Bansal V, Anantha Narayana D B Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):656-6620250-474X Lahorkar P, Ramitha K, Bansal V, Anantha Narayana D B

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):656-662

Medicated oils prepared using process as mentioned in Ayurveda are used for external and internal administrations to treat various disorders. Taila pak vidhi provides detailed description of such processes. Medicated oils are prepared by prolonged cooking of sesame oil with pasty mass of herbs and decoction of herbs in presence of large quantity of water. We report preliminary findings of physicochemical and chromatographic profiles of changes brought out by such processes and the role of each component. Changes observed when the processes were altered to deviate from those prescribed in Ayurveda are also reported.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=656;epage=662;aulast=Lahorkar Maravajhala Vidyavathi, Dasari Nirmala, Sepuri Asha, Joginapalli S Research Paper Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):663-6690250-474X Maravajhala Vidyavathi, Dasari Nirmala, Sepuri Asha, Joginapalli S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):663-669

Present study aims to prepare and evaluate niacin microspheres. Niacin-ethyl cellulose microspheres were prepared by water-in-oil-in-oil double emulsion solvent diffusion method. Spherical, free flowing microspheres having an entrapment efficiency of 72% were obtained. The effect of polymer-drug ratio, surfactant concentration for secondary emulsion process and stirring speed of emulsification process were evaluated with respect to entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release behavior and particle size. FT-IR and DSC analyses confirmed the absence of drug-polymer interaction. The in vitro release profile could be altered significantly by changing various processing and formulation parameters to give a controlled release of drug from the microspheres. The percentage yield was 85%, particle size range was 405 to 560 µm. The drug release was controlled for 10 h. The in vitro release profiles from optimized formulations were applied on various kinetic models. The best fit with the highest correlation coefficient was observed in Higuchi model, indicating diffusion controlled principle. The in vitro release profiles of optimized formulation was studied and compared with commercially available niacin extended release formulation.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=663;epage=669;aulast=Maravajhala Selvam P, Murugesh N, Witvrouw M, Keyaerts E, Neyts J Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):670-6720250-474X Selvam P, Murugesh N, Witvrouw M, Keyaerts E, Neyts J

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):670-672

Different extracts of leaf parts of Wrightia tinctoria and fruit powder of Morinda citrifolia have been studied against replication of HIV-1(IIIB) in MT-4 cells and HCV in Huh 5.2 cells. Chloroform extract of Wrightia tinctoria exhibited a maximum protection of 48% against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1(IIIB) in MT-4 cells. Fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia exhibited a displayed marked cytotoxic activity in lymphocyte (MT-4) cells (CC50: 0.19 mg/ml). The 50% effective concentration for inhibition of HCV subgenomic replicon replication in Huh 5-2 cells by Morinda citrifolia was 0.98 µg/ml and by chloroform extract of Wrightia tinctoria was 10 µg/ml. The concentration that reduced the growth of exponentially proliferating Huh 5-2 cells by 50% was greater than 50 µg/ml.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=670;epage=672;aulast=Selvam Goudgaon N M, Basha N J, Patil S B Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):672-6770250-474X Goudgaon N M, Basha N J, Patil S B

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):672-677

4-Substituted-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidines were prepared efficiently in three steps. 2-Benzylthiopyrimidine on iodination in presence of base gave 5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidine (1), which on chlorination with excess of POCl ₃ furnished 4-chloro-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidine (2). Reaction of 2 with substituted aromatic amines, 2-aminopyridine and hydrazine hydrate yielded 4-amino-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidines 3(a-e), (3f) and (3g) respectively. Further, 4-hydrazino-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidine on condensation with substituted aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes afforded the corresponding schiff bases 4(a-h). The structure of synthesized compounds have been established by spectral studies and elemental analysis. Synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity. Compound 3f exhibited good antifungal activity against A. niger. The compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, 4g and 4h exhibited good antibacterial activity.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=672;epage=677;aulast=Goudgaon Rani Geeta, Yadav Lalita, Kalidhar S B Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):677-6790250-474X Rani Geeta, Yadav Lalita, Kalidhar S B

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):677-679

Phytochemical examination of Citrus sinensis flavedo var. Pineapple resulted in the isolation of six compounds characterized as tetracosane, ethyl pentacosanoate, tetratriacontanoic acid, tangertin, β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucoside and 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavanone 3-O-β-glucoside. Of these 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavanone 3-O-β-glucoside is a hitherto unreported compound.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=677;epage=679;aulast=Rani Shivram K, Patil D M, Shah Nitu D, Thite Riddhi U, Joshi A S, Motka N P Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):679-6840250-474X Shivram K, Patil D M, Shah Nitu D, Thite Riddhi U, Joshi A S, Motka N P

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):679-684

The assay on anhydrous basis is a mathematically derived value from an experimental results of assay and water content tests. The results of assay and water content tests are determined, separately, on as-is basis. The industry-accepted formula for assay on anhydrous basis = (assay on as-is basis×100)/(100-%water). Statistically, the two variables involved in accepted formula are assay on as-is basis and water to obtain assay on anhydrous basis. The experimental errors associated with these two variables propagate in assay on anhydrous basis. The error propagates either in constructive or destructive mode. The constructive mode of error propagation is combination of positive error of assay on as-is basis and positive error of water or negative error of assay on as-is basis and negative error of water. The constructive mode of error propagation has more impact on assay on anhydrous basis values and its confidence interval. The destructive mode of error propagation is combination of a positive error of assay on as-is basis and a negative error of water or vice versa. The destructive mode of error propagation has lesser impact on assay on anhydrous basis values and its confidence interval in comparison to the constructive mode of error propagation. In accepted formula said above, the constructive or destructive error propagation causes unrealistic drift of assay on anhydrous basis towards either lower or higher side of content limit of substance. The risk of rejection of pharmaceutical use substance is higher based on assay test results that results are calculated from industry-accepted formula. The purpose of the study is to propose an alternative formula to overcome limitations of accepted formula and justify the propagation of errors in realistic way. We have given three examples of pharmaceutical use substances to emphasise the above proposition. The proposed formula for assay on anhydrous basis= (assay on as-is basis×F)/(F-%water) in which F is sum of experimental results of assay and water content tests experimentally determined, separately, on as-is basis.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=679;epage=684;aulast=Shivram Panda S S, Chowdary PVR, Jayashree B S Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):684-6870250-474X Panda S S, Chowdary PVR, Jayashree B S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):684-687

Chalcones were synthesized by reacting indole-3-aldehyde, prepared by Vilsemeir Haack reaction with 4-substituted acetophenone in ethanolic KOH solution. These chalcones were immediately reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of glacial acetic acid as reagent to obtain the corresponding isoxazole derivatives. The synthesized heterocycles were characterized on the basis of physical, chemical tests and spectroscopic data. These compounds were tested for the acute antiinflammatory activity and antibacterial activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method and cup-plate method, respectively.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=684;epage=687;aulast=Panda Paliwal S K, Chauhan Rajani, Sharma Veena, Majumdar D K, Paliwal S Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):687-6910250-474X Paliwal S K, Chauhan Rajani, Sharma Veena, Majumdar D K, Paliwal S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):687-691

The most common method for applying a drug in to the eye is to formulate the drug in the form of an eye drop, but this method is not considered ideal for ocular delivery of drug because of poor bioavailability arising from precorneal loss processes, this loss of drug from the precorneal area is a net effect of drainage, tear secretion and noncorneal absorption. Following the above lead we tried to improve the ocular bioavailability by increasing the corneal contact time and the feasible way was to formulate a drug with mucoadhesive/viscosity imparting agents. The adhesive strength of various polymers on corneal surface was studied with the help of self modified Franz diffusion cell and freshly excised goat/bovine cornea. The polymers hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, Eudragit type E/RL/RS, Carbopol ETD 2020 and Carbopol 934 National Formulary were formulated with drug, ketorolac tromethamine. The adhesive strength of polymers on corneal surface and permeation characteristics of drug through cornea were investigated by using above said formulations. Eudragit type E/RL/RS did not show any improvement in mucoadhesion, but the formulations containing Carbopol ETD 2020 and Carbopol 934 national formulary showed good mucoadhesion on corneal surface in the concentration as low as 0.75%. The mucoadhesive strength was also evaluated using the combination of Carbopol acrylates/C 10-30 alkylacrylate with allylpentaerithrital and preservative benzalkonium chloride, which also resulted in good mucoadhesion with improved corneal permeation. Observations made in this study indicate the potentiality of the ophthalmic formulations containing mucoadhesive/viscosity imparting agents.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=687;epage=691;aulast=Paliwal Sunilson JAJ, Anandarajagopal K, Kumari AVAG, Mohan S Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):691-6950250-474X Sunilson JAJ, Anandarajagopal K, Kumari AVAG, Mohan S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):691-695

The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae) leaves were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhea in Swiss mice. Melastoma malabathricum water extract treated mice showed significant reduction in the fecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract also reduced the intestinal fluid secretion induced by magnesium sulphate and gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in the mice. No mortality and visible signs of general weakness was observed in the mice following the test extract administration up to 2000 mg/kg dose.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=691;epage=695;aulast=Sunilson Suthar M, Rathore G S, Pareek A Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):695-6990250-474X Suthar M, Rathore G S, Pareek A

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):695-699

The present investigations evaluated the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Helicteres isora (L.) fruits belonging to the family Sterculiaceae. The hot water extract of Helicteres isora fruits was prepared and screened for its in vitro antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl assay, &amp;#223;-carotene-linoleate model and microsomal lipid peroxidation or thiobarbituric acid reactive species assays and the IC ₅₀ values were calculated. Antidiabetic effect was studied using the in vitro glucose uptake in the isolated rat hemi-diaphragm model. The hot water extract of Helicteres isora showed maximum activity with IC ₅₀ value 25.12&amp;#177;0.18 &amp;#181;g/ml for 1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl assay method, and low activity with IC ₅₀ value 740.64&amp;#177;4.76 &amp;#181;g/ml for microsomal lipid peroxidation assay. In the &amp;#223;-carotene-linoleate model, the extract showed 45.63% antioxidant activity. The extract produce a significant (P<0.05) uptake of glucose by isolated rat hemi-diaphragm but less effective to that of the reference drug, metformin. The hot water extract of fruit of Helicteres isora exhibited significant antioxidant activity and moderate antidiabetic activity and merits further investigation in animal models and isolation of its active constituents.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=695;epage=699;aulast=Suthar Patel C N, Dave J B, Patel J V, Panigrahi B Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):699-7020250-474X Patel C N, Dave J B, Patel J V, Panigrahi B

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):699-702

Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of voriconazole in bulk and formulation using prominence diode array detector. Selected mobile phase was a combination of water:acetonitrile (35:65 % v/v) and wavelength selected was 256 nm. Retention time of voriconazole was 3.95 min. Linearity of the method was found to be 0.1 to 2 &amp;#181;g/ml, with the regression coefficient of 0.999. This method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Quantification was done by calculating area of the peak and the detection limit and quantitation limit ware 0.026 &amp;#181;g/ml and 0.1 &amp;#181;g/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in the intra day and inter day analysis of voriconazole determined for three different concentrations using this method. Present method can be applied for the determination of voriconazole in quality control of formulation without interference of the excipients.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=699;epage=702;aulast=Patel Kakde R B, Satone D D Short Communication Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):702-7050250-474X Kakde R B, Satone D D

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):702-705

A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam in combined dosage form. Simultaneous equation method is employed for simultaneous determination of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam from combined dosage forms. In this method, the absorbance was measured at 238 nm for escitalopram oxalate and 273 nm for clonazepam. Linearity was observed in range of 5-100 &amp;#956;g/ml and 5-50 &amp;#956;g/ml for escitalopram and clonazepam respectively. Recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of proposed method and results were validated as per ICH guidelines. The method can be used for routine quality control of pharmaceutical formulation containing escitalopram and clonazepam.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=702;epage=705;aulast=Kakde Bhanushali R S, Gatne M M, Gaikwad R V, Bajaj A N, Morde M A Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):707-7090250-474X Bhanushali R S, Gatne M M, Gaikwad R V, Bajaj A N, Morde M A

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):707-709

The objective of this study was to develop intranasal nanoemulsion and gel formulations for rizatriptan benzoate for prolonged action. Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared by constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams using lipophilic and hydrophilic surfactants and water. Various mucoadhesive agents were tried out to form thermo-triggered mucoadhesive nanoemulsions. Mucoadhesive gel formulations of rizatriptan were prepared using different ratios of HPMC and Carbopol 980. Comparative evaluation of intranasal nanoemulsions and intranasal mucoadhesive gels indicated that greater brain-targeting could be achieved with nanoemulsions.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=707;epage=709;aulast=Bhanushali Nirale N M, Vidhate R D, Nagarsenker M S Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):709-7110250-474X Nirale N M, Vidhate R D, Nagarsenker M S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):709-711

The objective of the present study was to entrap fluticasone propionate in liposomes and study in vitro lung deposition of both liposomal dispersion and dry powder inhalation using twin stage impinger and Anderson cascade impactor. Liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method and characterized for size, shape, morphology, entrapment efficiency and in vitro lung deposition. The spray dried liposomes were further characterized for various physicochemical properties such as physical appearance, density, flow properties, drug content and in vitro pulmonary deposition. Fine particle fraction was also determined. Liposomal dispersion of fluticasone propionate was successfully prepared with more than 90% entrapment. Spray dried liposomes had mean size of 3-4 &amp;#181; and a fine powder fraction of 9-10 %. Inclusion of antistatic agents such as leucine and magnesium stearate did not improve the aerosolisation behaviour of dry inhalation powder in this study.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=709;epage=711;aulast=Nirale Bhalerao A V, Lonkar S L, Deshkar S S, Shirolkar S V, Deshpande A D Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):711-7130250-474X Bhalerao A V, Lonkar S L, Deshkar S S, Shirolkar S V, Deshpande A D

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):711-713

Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist used in the management of nausea and vomiting that is associated with cancer chemotherapy. There is a need for intranasal delivery due to poor bioavailability of drug because of first pass effect. The objective of this study was to develop an intranasal delivery system of ondansetron hydrochloride using thermo-sensitive polymer PF127 and mucoadhesive polymer hydroxypropylcellulose. Due to increase in bioadhesive polymer concentration, there was increase in bioadhesion strength, at the same time there was decrease in the spredability. An in vitro diffusion study revealed that viscosity of the vehicle has an influence on drug. The release of ondansetron hydrochloride from the gel matrix showed diffusion- controlled.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=711;epage=713;aulast=Bhalerao Purohit D, Trehan A, Arora V Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):713-7150250-474X Purohit D, Trehan A, Arora V

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):713-715

The primary aim of present investigation was to develop and formulate room temperature stable formulation of formoterol fumarate and beclomethasone dipropionate with extra fine part size of hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered dose inhalers. Particle size distribution of hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered dose inhalers was evaluated using Twin Stage Glass Impinger and Anderson Cascade Impactor. A tetrafluoroethane and/or heptafluoropropane were evaluated for preparation of hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered dose inhalers. The fine particle fractions delivered from hydrofluoroalkane propellant suspension pressurized metered dose inhalers can be predicted on the basis of formulation parameters and is dependent of metering chamber of valve and orifice size of actuators. The results presented in investigation showed the importance of formulation excipients with formulation of pressurized metered dose inhalers viz, canister, valve and actuators used in formulations.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=713;epage=715;aulast=Purohit Shaji J, Poddar A, Iyer S Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):715-7180250-474X Shaji J, Poddar A, Iyer S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):715-718

Gelatin-chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres of clonazepam were prepared using the emulsion cross linking method. Mirospheres were evaluated using the in vitro and ex vivo drug release patterns. In vivo CNS drug distribution studies were carried out in rats by administering the clonazepam microspheres intra-nasally and clonazepam solution intravenously. From the drug levels in plasma and CSF, drug targeting index and drug targeting efficiency were calculated. Results obtained indicated that intranasally administered clonazepam microspheres resulted in higher brain levels with a drug targeting index of 2.12. Gelatin-chitosan cross linked mucoadhesive microspheres have the potential to be developed as a brain-targeted drug delivery system for clonazepam.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=715;epage=718;aulast=Shaji Morde M A, Bajaj A N, Bhanushali R S Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):718-7210250-474X Morde M A, Bajaj A N, Bhanushali R S

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):718-721

Dry powder inhalation formulations of rifampicin were prepared. Spray drying was used to prepare pulmospheres and their physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Spray dried pulmospheres containing rifampicin were mixed with inhalable lactose for preparing dry powder inhalation formulations. These formulations were further characterized to evaluate the feasibility of developing effective treatments for pulmonary tuberculosis.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=718;epage=721;aulast=Morde Mehta M R, Surve S A, Menon M D Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):721-7220250-474X Mehta M R, Surve S A, Menon M D

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):721-722

In situ gelling systems based on temperature-dependent phase transition containing pheniramine and phenylephrine were developed using combination of Poloxamers, different cellulose polymers (HPMC) and xanthan gum. The formulations were tested for in vitro gelation, appearance, pH, drug content, in vitro drug release, mucoadhesive strength, preservative efficacy and stability. In vitro release studies revealed significant prolonged released of both drugs up to 24 h as against only 2 h with drug solution. Formulations were found to stable over period of 3 months. In vivo nasal residence time of in situ gel by gamma scintigraphy was found to be significantly higher (6 h) in comparison to drug solution (15 min). It can be concluded that Poloxamers in combination with HPMC are suitable to develop stable, safe in situ temperature-based mucoadhesive gelling systems with prolonged nasal residence time.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=721;epage=722;aulast=Mehta Chand Renuka, Naik Anuja A, Nair Hema A Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):723-7250250-474X Chand Renuka, Naik Anuja A, Nair Hema A

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):723-725

The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate a thermoreversible formulation containing rizatriptan benzoate for intranasal administration. Chitosan and aqueous &amp;#946;-glycerolphosphate were mixed in cold condition to obtain chitosan-&amp;#946;-glycerolphosphate mixtures, which served as the thermoreversible systems. Rizatriptan benzoate was incorporated at a final strength of 25 mg/ml. Both in vitro release and ex vivo permeation of rizatriptan from gels were measured at 37&amp;#186; using Franz diffusion cells Formulations were tested in vivo in mice for reduction in locomotor activity using digital actophotometer and nasal mucosal tissues were examined histopathologically.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=723;epage=725;aulast=Chand Hazare Shruti, Menon Mala Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):725-7270250-474X Hazare Shruti, Menon Mala

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):725-727

In the present study, the applicability of magnesium stearate-treated lactose carrier particles was evaluated to improve the inhalation performance of catalase microspheres. Bovine liver catalase microspheres with different stabilizers were prepared by spray drying. For the surface modification, lactose products were treated with 1 and 2% magnesium stearate by manual mixing and gently passed through a # 60 size mesh. The results revealed that magnesium stearate can be applied as a performance improver for catalase microsphere based DPI formulations.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=725;epage=727;aulast=Hazare Pradhan V, Gaikwad R, Samad A, Prabhakar B Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):727-7290250-474X Pradhan V, Gaikwad R, Samad A, Prabhakar B

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):727-729

Nasal solutions of almotriptan malate were prepared in phosphate buffer containing different proportions of HPMC E15. In vitro permeation studies were performed using Franz diffusion cell with dialysis membrane and ex vivo permeation studies were carried out using sheep nasal mucosal layer. The formulations were radiolabeled with 99mTc and the nasal residence time was studied in rabbits. Nasal irritation was evaluated in rats. Formulations prepared with HPMC E15 5% w/v did not retard the release of almotriptan. Gamma scintigraphy studies showed increased residence time as compared to plain drug solution. No nasal irritation was observed and the formulations were found stable for 3 months.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=727;epage=729;aulast=Pradhan Birkhoff M, Leitz M, Marx D Abstract Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):729-7310250-474X Birkhoff M, Leitz M, Marx D

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):729-731

Oral and Intramuscular vaccination has been considered till date as the ultimate ways, but nasal route offers advantages such as ease of self administration and induction of mucosal as well as systemic immunity. Both liquid and dry powder formulations can be given via intranasal route. A great consideration has to be given while selecting a suitable device for nasal administration since the volume delivered is very low. A number of devices are available based on number of doses to be administered and type of dosage formulation.]]> http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp?issn=0250-474X;year=2009;volume=71;issue=6;spage=729;epage=731;aulast=Birkhoff