A rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PYZ) by first – derivative UV spectrophotometry has been developed in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. RIF is determined by measuring the signal at Zero crossing point for INH and PYZ (262.2 and 268.8 nm), INH is determined from the signal at the zero crossing point for RIF and PYZ (254.0 and 268.8 nm) and PYZ is determined from the signal at zero crossing point for INH and RIF (262.2 and 254.0 nm) respectively. Good linearity, precision and reproducibility were found. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of drugs in physical mixture and formulation.

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Four simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A-D) for the assay of omeprazole (OMZ) in pure and dosage forms based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-associates under specified experimental conditions are described. Four acidic dyes viz. Suprachen Violet 3B (SV 3B method A), Tropaeolin 000(TP 000, method B), Bromocresol Green (BCG, method C) and Azocarmine G (AG, method D) are utilised. The extracts of the ion-associates exhibit absorption maxima at 590 nm, 420 nm, 500 nm and 540 nm for methods A,B,C and D respectively. Beer’s law and the precision and accuracy of the methods are checked by UV reference method.

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Multilayered muco-adhesive buccal tablets of hydralazine hydrochloride were developed using polymers, which as Carbopol- 934 and carboxymethylcellulose. Release enhancers such as citric acid, D-mannitol and PEG-4000 and techniques like lyophilization were utilized for optimization of the tablet core. A Millipore membrane filter (0.22mm) was used satisfactorily to replace animal membrane for drug permeation studies across the membrane.

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Oil of Psldium guajava leaves obtained by steam distillation was given orally to study its effects on the exudative and proliferative phases of the inflammatory reaction, using the technique of carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma in male albino rats. The antiinflammatory activity was compared with ketorolac tromethamine. In carrageenan-induced paw edema, 0.8 ml/kg of the volatile oil showed antiinflammatory activity comparable to that of ketorolac tromethamine. The oil was also found to be effective in cotton pellet granuloma studies.

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The matrix of poly (methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) with surface containing functional anhydride group of different percentage was prepared by solution polymerization and characterized. A macromolecular prodrug of ampicillin was synthesized by linking the amino group of ampicillin to anhydride group of matrix via an amide bond. The amount of ampicillin covalently bound to the matrix was spectroscopically characterized and the in vitro release rate in weakly basic medium was established with its antimicrobiological activity. This prodrug allows a prolonged release (7-8 days) of the drug.

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Cross-linked tragacanth was prepared using epichlorhydrin. The effects of ratio of tragacanth to epichiorhydrin, temperature and time of reaction were studied. The cross-linked tragacanth was evaluated for swelling capacity, hydration capacity and moisture sorption capacity. Dispersible tablets of albendazole were prepared and evaluated. The cross-linked tragacanth exhibited superior wicking and swelling action and hence can be used as a super functional disintegrant. A simple test is proposed for measuring water uptake rate by the tablets. The results of the test showed good correlation with the disintegration time. The cross-linked tragacanth was found to be effective both in soluble lactose system and the insoluble dicalcium phosphate system.

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Alcoholic extract of rhizome of Hedychium spicatum was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced hind paw oedema. It also produced analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing movements in mice and Randall-Selitto assay in rats.

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Fifteen different isatin–[N-(2-alkylbenzoxazole-5-carbonyl)] hydrazones prepared earlier were screened for analgesic, antidepressant and H1-antihistaminic activities, and also for their effect on pentobarbi-tone-induced narcosis, by standard methods. Results revealed that three compounds h, n and e possessing a methyl substituent at 7-position of the benzoxazole system could exhibit good analgesic activity, in relation to standard. Five of the test compounds, h, g, j. n and i were to potentiate the pentobarbitone-induced narcosis more powerfully than imipramine HCI. The antidepressant and H1-antihistaminic activities of these compounds were not comparable to those of the standards imipramine HCI and diphenhydramine. HCI, employed in the investigation. Out of all, only compound k was found to exhibit all the tested activities, though to varied extents.

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The in vitro antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Striga sulphurea (Scrophulariaceae) and Hemidesmus indicus (Asciepiadiaceae) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger have been carried out. The ethanol (95%) extract of S.sulphurea showed high activity against all the bacteria tested. The chloroform and ethanol (95%) extracts of H. indicus showed antifungal activity against A. niger.

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A prodrug of enoxacin was synthesized by reacting with aqueous formaldehyde solution a 1:1 mixture of methanol and dichloromethane. The colourless, crystalline N-hydroxymethyl enoxacin, m.p. 262-266° showed enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. The degradation kinetics, pH-rate profile and antibacterial activity of the prodrug were determined.

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Isoniazid microcapsules were prepared using ethylcellulose as coating polymer and by phase-separation and coacervation process involving non-solvent addition. In vitro dissolution was done and the release data were analysed by computer for different kinetic equations e.g. zero order, first order, square root, cube root, binomial equation, weibull equation and logarithmic liglstic plots. Statistical parameters such as sum of deviation, sum of square deviation and standard error of estimates in each case were determined and compared.

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The effect of non-ionic surfactants on the enhancement of skin permeation of prazozin HCI was studied in vitro using excised guinea pig skin. Among the Spans, Span 80 was found to produce the highest permeation of the drug. Among the Tweens, Tween 80 was found to produce the highest permeation of the drug. Tweens produced higher permeation than Spans. Adequate levels of transdermal permeation were observed.

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The seeds of C-429, R-552, RLC-4, RLC-6 and T-397 varieties of Linseed, were extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1,v/v) to yield the total lipids (TL) in 43.9, 46.3, 42.1, 43.5 and 45.2 percent respectively. The TL were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography into neutral lipids (NL) (87.8-89.6%), glycolipids (GL) (5.8-6.6%) and phospholipids (PL) (3.8-5.8%). The NL, upon being subjected to preparative TLC, were separated into monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, sterols, steryl esters and hydrocarbons. The fatty acid composition of all the lipid materials, as determined by GLC, revealed the major fatty acids to be linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids. The fatty acids remained static qualitatively but variability between the lipids and varieties was observed.

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A binary mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and 5% methanol has been used for the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) of misoprostol from methanolic solutions. The pressure, temperature and mobile phase parameters were evaluated for both SFE and SFC. The optimum parameters for SFE and SFC have been cited and the data is evaluated statistically. The method was successfully employed for the SFE/SFC of misoprostol from tablet formulations dispersed in hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose.

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7-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzothlophene-6-carboxylic acid and 7-methyl-4-(6-carboxy) benzothiophenoxyacetic acid were synthesied via Stobbe condensation and were found to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

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