Microspheres containing norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin using Sodium and calcium alginates were prepared and the possible drug-excipient chemical interaction was evaluated by various spectral methods. There was no chemical interaction between these drugs and the alginates. The dissolution and diffusion of these drugs were delayed and the stability at various accelerated stability conditions was improved on entrappment of these drugs in alginates.

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Aqueous extract of Orthosiphon thymiflorus have been tested for diuretic activity in rats. The parameters taken for each individual rat were; body weight before and after test period, total urine volume (corrected for water intake during the test period), urine concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl-. The extract given orally does not act as an aquaretic. The values of urine volume are only slightly elevated. However, the cation and Cl- excreation is increased.

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An attempt has been made to develop Transdermal patches of Verapamil HCI by using Sodium Carboxymethyl Guar as Polymer matrix, Propylene glycol as the plasticiser and Alupoly foil as the backing membrane. A comparison of various polymers and plasticisers were also made. In vitro release studies through mouse skin have shown that Sodium Carboxymethyl Guar as a suitable polymer. The primary skin irritatancy tests have shown that the transdermal patches are non irritant.

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Propafenone, an antiarrhythmic agent belonging to class I C was synthesized by two different methods starting from phenol. Method-1 involving initial formation of chalcone from o- hydroxyacetophenone was superior over methods-2 with respect to yield and reaction process. In method-2, the oxypropanolamine chain was built and then aldol condensation was carried out.

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Two accurate and economical procedures for simultaneous estimation of chlorzoxazone and paracetamol in two component tablet formulation have been developed. The methods employ first derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and simultaneous equations for the simultaneous estimation of the two drugs. In 0.02 M sodium hydroxide, chlorzoxazone has two absorption maxima at 244 nm and 288 nm and paracetamol has an absorption maxima at 257nm. Both the drugs obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges employed for these methods. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.

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Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ketotifen based on the formation of a charge-transfer complex between ketotifen and chloranilic acid (method A, lmax : 550nm), by the inner molecular complex with sodium nitroprusside (method B, lmax : 770 nm) or oxidation with excess potassium permanganate and the determination of unconsumed permanganate using Fast Green FCF (method C, lmax : 625 nm) have been developed.

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Transdermal films of Terbutaline Sulphate were formulated as mololithic matrices using cellulose polymers like Hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), Sodium Carboxy methyl cellulose (Sod, CMC), Cellulose acetate and Ethyl cellulose. In vitro diffusion studies were carried out across isolated stratum corneum of fresh human cadaver skin, using keshary-Chien type diffusion cell. Skin irritancy test was carried out on human volunteers. The formulations were subjected to stability studies at different temperatures. The films were found to be stable at all temperature conditions. The human volunteers did not show any signs of erythema and oedema. The formulations showed an appreciable release after eight hours.

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Self-crosslinked microcapsules of chlorpromazine hydrochloride were prepared by coacervation phase separation technique followed by extensive dehydration at elevated temperature and pressure with gelatin. Self-crosslinked microcapsules showed about 99% of drug release within 12h, followed a first order kinetics. The in vivo studies revealed the maintenance of long duration of therapeutic effective plasma concentration without reaching the toxic level. The minimum catatonic scores in albino rats indicate that the microcapsules might even have reduced the drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome.

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Lipospheres of diclofenac sodium were prepared by melt dispersion technique using triple pressed stearic acid. Free flowing lipospheres were obtained by congealing the microemulsion. The amount of water, Tween 20 (surfactant) and butyl alcohol (co- surfactant) were identified as the key variables affecting the formation of discrete spherical lipospheres. More than 70% of the isolated lipospheres were of the size range 180-250 µ. The amount of drug entrapped in the lipospheres was found to be dependent on the lipid to drug ratio and the drug loading was further increased by using caranuba wax coated particles of diclofenac sodium. The in vitro drug release study was conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Dissolution of the entrapped drug was greatly retarded. The results of the F-statistics revealed that the drug was released by anomalous diffusion.

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Petroleum ether and benzene extract of leaves and stem of Hibiscus micranthus afforded long chain alkanes, alcohols, an acid, a ketone and β-sitosterol and the ether extract of aerial parts furnished phenolic acids. The ethanolic extract of aerial parts of roots demonstrated significant antifungal and anticancer activity.

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Gentamicin sulphate loaded albumin, chitosan and poly (dl-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared. The in vitro dissolution studies showed that the release could be controlled for 2 weeks by the vial method. The stability of the drug was better by encapsulation. The nasal absorption of the drug from these microspheres was about 60 percent.

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High performance liquid chromatographic and TLC densitometric assay methods for 2,2’-dicarbomethoxy amino 5,5’- dibenzimidazolyl ketone (C.D.R.I.Code No. 82/437) a new antifilarial compound, are described. The sensitivity of the HPLC method was found to be 0.5 mcg/ml, and that of the TLC densitometric method 0.5 mcg.

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A simple and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of cimetidine in pure form and in dosage forms using Cu2+ solution.

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A simple fourth derivative spectrophotometric method for determination of ciprofloxacinamide and N,N’-bishydroxymethyl ciprofloxacinamide in presence of ciprofloxacin is presented. The procedure consists of measuring the amplitudes of the fourth derivative spectra of ciprofloxacinamide and ciprofloxacin at 286 nm and 277.4 nm respectively and that of N,N’-bishydroxymethyl cirpofloxacinamide and ciprofloxacin at 286 nm and 276.9 nm, respectively. Zero crossing technique is used for these estimations.

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Biodegradable films of Methotrexate using Poly (E caprolactone) were prepared. The in vitro release was enhanced on incorporation of Poly (glycolic acid). The in vivo degradation of the polymer was faster compared to the in vivo drug release. The histopathological studies showed no deleterious effects at the site of implantation.

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