Abstract

Atezolizumab, a programmed death ligand 1 inhibitor, has shown improved survival outcomes in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer when combined with chemotherapy. However, its real-world effectiveness and safety profile require further evaluation. This retrospective study examines demographic characteristics, treatment responses, and adverse effects in 135 patients treated with Atezolizumab in Aragon, Spain. Treatment discontinuation was primarily due to disease progression (40 %) and toxicity (15 %). The most common immune-related adverse events included pneumonitis and hepatitis. Statistical tests identified a significant association between cumulative Atezolizumab exposure and the occurrence of pneumonitis and hepatitis, suggesting that the dose of treatment could be an important risk factor for these adverse effects. These findings highlight the importance of enhanced toxicity monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. Clinicians should carefully assess the risk of immune-related adverse events, particularly in patients receiving higher doses of Atezolizumab.