Abstract

The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for understanding the principles of personalized and precision medicine. Since the advent of the human genome project in 1990, the approach to precision and accurate medicine has been changed. This turns the practice from the “one size fits all” paradigm into one that tailors patient identification, diagnosis and treatment. Personalized medicine has been a disputed vision of the future for two decades. A humanized approach to personalized medicine will offer the possibility of leveraging the physiology of processes and its application of personalized, predictive, participatory, precision and preventive P5 medicine. The predictive variables for the progression of a disease should be investigated within communities to determine preventive measures for at risk people and healthcare can be customized and participative. Accurate diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of diseases includes developments in the identification of biomarkers, the subsequent development of reliable signatures that suit complex disease states, as well as medical approaches that can be continually modified and modulated for dosage and medication selection. This review illustrates significant breakthroughs in the advancement of emerging technology and obstacles of personalized and precise medicine. It will create groundbreaking capabilities in the realization of fully individualized patient care.