H. K. Maradiya* and Vasundhara H. Pansara1

Departments of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Veerayatan Institute of Pharmacy, Bhuj–Mandvi Highway, Jakhania-370 460. 1N.R.Vekaria Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, C.L. College Campus, Junagadh-362 001, India

Corresponding Author:
H. K. Maradiya
N.R.Vekaria Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, C.L. College Campus, Junagadh-362 001, India
E-mail: hitu.pharma87@gmail.com
Date of Submission 28 March 2012
Date of Revision 05 March 2013
Date of Acceptance 08 March 2013
Indian J Pharm Sci 2013;75(2):238-241  

 

DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.115469

Abstract

A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of citicoline sodium has been developed and validated. Drug was resolved on a C18 column (Phenomenex Luna, 250×4.6 mm, 10μ), utilizing mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in a ratio of 30:70. Mobile phase was delivered at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection was carried out at 272 nm. Separation was completed within 2.22 min. Calibration curve was linear with good correlation coefficient (R 2 =0.999) over a concentration range 10-60 μg/ml. Recovery was between 98.84 and 101.76%. Method was found to be reproducible with relative standard deviation for intra and interday precision of <2.0% over the said concentration range. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the citicoline sodium, it can be very useful and an alternate to performing the stability studies.

Keywords

Acetonitrile, citicoline sodium, high performance liquid chromatography analysis, potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Citicoline is a brain chemical that occurs naturally in the body. The scientific name for citicoline is cytidine–5–diphosphocholine. Citicoline is degraded to uridine and choline during intestinal absorption. These two compounds then pass through the blood brain barrier to reconstitute citicoline in the brain.

Citicoline is often called as brain nutrient because it increases levels of several neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine and noradrenaline; helps to maintain the integrity of neuronal cell membranes; and increases energy production in the frontal cortex. It’s also used for the Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia, head trauma, cerebrovascular disease such as stroke, age–related memory loss, Parkinson’s disease, and glaucoma. Citicoline is available in oral and parenteral formulation[1]. Very few methods for analysis of citicoline sodium are reported in the literature. Those reported include high performance liquid chromatography[2-4].

The aim of the present work was to develop a relatively simple, validated, sensitive, reliable, and inexpensive HPLC method for the determination of citicoline sodium and its degraded products.

All chemicals and regents used were of a HPLC grade. Citicoline sodium was kindly supplied from SeQuent Scientific Limited, India. HPLC grade potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile was obtained from Merck laboratory. Shimadzu HPLC with UV-detector, LC-2010HT Version 3.10, Shimadzu LCsolution : Version 1.22 SP1 (Kyoto, Japan). Column used was Phenomenex Luna® C18 100A, 250×4.6 mm, 10μ (QC-14), column temperature was 25°. High precision laboratory balances, obtain from Contech Instrument Ltd.

Solution was prepared by weighing 6.8045 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dissolving into 1000 ml with HPLC grade water. The mobile phase was prepared by mix a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile with a ratio of 30:70 and degassed.

Stock standard solution concentration of 500 μg/ml was prepared by dissolving 26.1 mg (equivalent to 25 mg citicoline pure drug) of working standard of citicoline sodium in HPLC grade water. The calibration curve was prepared by diluted stock solution.

To study the accuracy of the method and to check the interference from excipients, recovery studies were carried out by the addition of standard drug solution to sample at 3 different levels (80%, 100% and 120%) of the test concentration. The first recovery study was conducted on the excipients mixture (placebo) prepared by adding accurately weighed amounts of citicoline sodium to the excipient mixture and calculating the percentage recovery in each case.

Precision of the method was checked by repeatability of intraday and interday assay. The intra– assay precision (repeatability) and accuracy were studied by analysing repeatedly six replicate concentration of 100% of citicoline sodium on one laboratory on the same day, three different concentration levels (300, 400 and 500 μg/ml). The interday precision (reproducibility) and accuracy were studied by analysing the different concentration levels (350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 μg/ml) of citicoline sodium over 3 days and results were expressed as a relative standard deviation percentage (RSD %).

Robustness of the method was determined by small, changes in flow rate, mobile phase ratio and wave length of detection. Flow rate was changed to 1±0.1 ml/min. The mobile phase ratio was changed to ±2% (Ratio of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 buffer are 71.4:28.6 and 68.6:31.4, respectively) for both components. Wave length of detection was changed to 272±5 nm. Column temperature was change to 25±5°.

Limit of detection can be calculated by using formula, LOD=3.3×σ/S and limit of quantitation can be calculated base on standard deviation of the response and the slope, LOQ=10×σ/S, where σ=Standard deviation of the response; S=Slope of the calibration curve.

System suitability testing is used to verify that the resolution and reproducibility of the system are adequate for the analysis to be performed. Parameters such as theoretical plates; tailing factors; resolution and reproducibility (% RSD for retention time and for the area of six replicates) are determined and compared against the specifications.

Various mobile phases were used containing acetonitrile, methanol, sodium and potassium phosphate buffers. Literature revealed that, potassium and sodium buffer solution mix with methanol with a ratio of 100:2 or 95:5 respectively were preferred as it is used as mobile phase used for resolved citicoline sodium.

The use of 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes with acetonitrile with a ratio of 30:70 respectively as mobile phase (pH 3.00±0.05) revealed good resolution and peak shape for citicoline sodium[5]. On the other hand UV absorption spectra of citicoline sodium in the range 200–400 nm showed maximum absorbance at 272 nm (fig. 1). Therefore, the above mentioned parameter was selected as detection wavelength. Flow rate of 1.0 ml/min provided run time of about 2.22 min and was used as flow rate. C18 is common stationary phase suitable for many pharmaceuticals and was found to be suitable in this case (Table 1).

With above selected method parameters, system suitability testing provided good resolution and reproducibility and was adequate for analysis to be performed for the resolution of citicoline sodium as shown in Table 2 and fig. 2. The results of system suitability and system precision were shown in Table 2.

The linear relationship was observed when plotted peak area versus concentration over the range of 10–60 μg/ml. The linearity was expressed as the correlation coefficient and found to be 0.999. The method was validated for various parameters as per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The results of method validation are shown in Table 2.

Figure

Figure 1: UV spectrum of citroline sodium The UV spectrum showed absorption maxima (Λmax) of 272 nm.

Parameter Condition used for analysis
Mobile phase Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
  buffer (0.05 M):Acetonitrile (30:70)
Flow rate 1 ml/min
Detection wavelength 272 nm
Volume of sample inject 20 μl
Column Phenomenex Luna, C18, 250×4.6 mm, 10 μ

TABLE 1: Condition Used For Chromatography Analysis.

Parameter (units) Citicoline sodium
Linearity range (μg/ml) 10−60
Correlation coefficient 0.999
LOD (μg/ml) 0.48
LOQ (μg/ml) 1.5
Recovery (%) 100.1
Precision (% RSD) 0.80
Interday (n=3) 1.17
Intraday (n=3) 1.06
Robustness Robust
Retention time (min) 2.22
Theoretical plates 5090.317
Tailing factor (asymmetry factor) 1.51

Table 2: Summary of validation and sst parameters; lod=limit of detection, loq=limit of quantification, rsd=relative standard deviation, sst=system suitability test.

Run % amount addition % amount found Recovery % RSD %
1 80 81.41 101.76  
2 80 81.49 101.86 0.61
3 80 81.26 101.57  
4 100 99.26 99.26  
5 100 99.41 99.41 0.39
6 100 99.06 99.06  
7 120 119.92 99.93  
8 120 119.10 99.25 0.05
9 120 118.60 98.84  

TABLE 3: Results For Recovery Study; RSD=Relative standard deviation.

Brand name Labelled amount (mg) % found**
Reference method* Proposed method t value F value
Result SD Result SD
Tablet I 500 100.25 0.73 99.95 0.25 2.19 3.44
Tablet II 500 99.53 0.65 100.26 0.37 2.36 5.28

TABLE 4: Determination Of Citicoline Sodium In Tablets And Comparison With Reference Method; *Reference method was UV method developed in the laboratory, **recovery amount was the average of five determinants, UV=ultraviolet.

Figure

Figure 2:HPLC chromatogram. high-performance liquid chromatogram for the analysis of citicoline sodium reference standard by developed validated method.

As per ICH guidelines, for assay procedure of active substance or finished product, range should be 80–120% of the test concentration. Results of recovery studies ranged from 98.84 to 101.87 are shown in Table 3, indicating very good reproducibility of these methods. The excipients used in the mixture did not interfere in the analysis.

Precision was carried out as per ICH guidelines, it was determined at one concentration with six replicate for intra–precision assay and three concentration levels with three replicates at each level. For all three concentration levels %RSD obtained is <2.0% (Table 2). The results obtained of precision are %RSD values indicated that the proposed methods were accurate and precise.

Robustness studies were carried out after change of flow rate, wavelength of detection, column temperature and mobile phase composition. It was observed that the small changes in this parameters, did not lead to changes of retention times of peak of interest.

The developed and validated method was applied to the determination of citicoline sodium in two brands of tablets containing citicoline sodium 500 mg, which is available in the local market using the procedure described earlier. Evaluation was performed using the calibration curve method since no significance difference between the slopes of the calibration curves for standards and tablet extracts was observed. The results obtained by the proposed method were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying the student’s t–test for accuracy and F–test for precision. As shown by the results compiled in Table 4, the calculated t–value and F–values did not exceed the tabulated values, t=2.77 and F=6.39 at the 95% confidence level for 4° of freedom suggesting that the proposed method and the reference method (UV method) do not differ significantly with respect to accuracy and precision.

The method described enables the quantification of citicoline sodium. The validation data demonstrate good precision and accuracy, which prove the reliability of proposed method[6]. Hence, this HPLC method can be used routinely for quantitative estimation of citicoline sodium.

It can be concluded that the proposed method is fully validated and is found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, reproducible, and relatively inexpensive giving an acceptable recovery of the analyte. The method was specific to drug. The advantage of this method is short retention time and cost effective mobile phase over the other method to gives better result.

References