Abstract
Review of Analytical and Sample Processing Technologies for Detecting Antibiotic Residues in Environmental Samples
Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Veerapura Industrial Village, Bengaluru, Karnataka 561203, 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan???s Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
Correspondence Address:
S. K. Konidala, Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Veerapura Industrial Village, Bengaluru, Karnataka 561203, India, E-mail: sathishkonidala@gmail.com
The release of antimicrobials from the hospital, pharma industries, agriculture and animal husbandry waste into various environmental sources has considerably increased. This triggers the development of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes in the ecosystem. Hence, high throughput simultaneous analytical methods are necessary to analyze multiple classes of antibiotics in aquaculture products, soil, meat, honey, milk, water resources and wastewater. This concise review describes various analytical methodologies and sample processing techniques frequently used to determine multiple classes of antibiotics in the diverse field of interest. This article also details the frequently detected antibiotics, various liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction methods, their applications and the role of pKa values in the extraction efficiency of antibiotics.
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